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ECHI indicators→Demographic and socio-economic

Birth rate, crude

Crude birth rate 2018

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CountriesCrude birth rate: Total [Per 1,000 inhabitants]
Austria9.7
Belgium10.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina (2017)8.3
Bulgaria8.9
Croatia9
Cyprus10.7
Czechia10.7
Denmark10.6
Estonia10.9
EU289.7
Finland8.6
France11.3
Germany9.5
Greece8.1
Hungary9.6
Ireland12.5
Italy7.3
Latvia10
Lithuania10
Luxembourg10.3
Malta9.2
NETHERLANDS9.7
Poland10.2
Portugal8.5
Romania9.6
Serbia9.2
Slovakia10.6
Slovenia9.4
Spain7.9
Sweden11.4
United Kingdom11

2. Birth rate, crude
 

Definition

The ratio of the number of births during the year to the average population in that year. The value is expressed per 1000 inhabitants.

Rationale

Basic demographic data. An indicator needed for calculating population growth (together with crude mortality rate).

Relevant policy areas

  • Sustainable health care systems
  • Maternal and perinatal health

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Mother’s age distribution

Distribution of live births by mother's age at last birthday

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Countries Live births by mother's age: Mothers 35 years of age and older [Percentage] Live births by mother's age: Mothers younger than 20 years [Percentage]
Austria22.21.7
Belgium19.51.5
Bulgaria15.89.4
Cyprus22.91.7
Czechia21.32.3
Germany24.12.0
Denmark20.60.8
Estonia22.02.1
Greece32.22.7
Spain39.62.0
EU2824.62.6
Finland22.71.4
France22.22.1
Croatia21.72.7
Hungary24.35.9
Ireland37.61.7
Italy34.31.3
Lithuania16.03.1
Luxembourg29.11.1
Latvia20.53.0
Malta20.73.2
NETHERLANDS21.80.8
Poland17.12.5
Portugal32.12.5
Romania15.39.7
Sweden22.21.0
Slovenia20.60.9
Slovakia17.56.2
United Kingdom22.03.0

3. Mother’s age distribution
 

Definition

Distribution of live births by mother's age at last birthday

Rationale

Both early and late childbearing are associated with higher than averagerates of preterm birth, growth restriction and mortality in the perinatal period.

Relevant policy areas

  • Health inequalities (including accessibility of care)
  • Health system performance, quality of care, efficiency of care, patient safety
  • Maternal and perinatal health
  • Child health (including young adults)

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Total fertility rate

Total fertility rate 2015

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CountriesTotal fertility rate:Total fertility rate [Mean number of children]
Austria1.49
Belgium1.7
Bulgaria1.53
Croatia1.4
Cyprus1.32
Czech Republic1.57
Denmark1.71
Estonia1.58
EU281.58
Finland1.65
France1.96
Germany1.5
Greece1.33
Hungary1.45
Ireland1.92
Italy1.35
Latvia1.7
Lithuania1.7
Luxembourg1.47
Malta1.45
NETHERLANDS1.66
Poland1.32
Portugal1.31
Romania1.58
Slovakia1.4
Slovenia1.57
Spain1.33
Sweden1.85
United Kingdom1.8

4. Total fertility rate
 

Definition

The mean number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through her childbearing years conforming to the fertility rates by age of a given year.

Relevant policy areas

  • Sustainable health care systems
  • Maternal and perinatal health

Rationale

Basic demographic data. The total fertility rate is the completed fertility of a hypothetical generation and is also used to indicate the replacement level fertility, i.e. the fertility needed to compensate mortality loss. In more developed countries, a rate of 2.1 is considered to be replacement level.

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Population projections

Population projections 2017

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CountriesEstimate of population size 2020 (Baseline): Total [Person]Estimate of population size 2020 (Baseline): Men [Person]Estimate of population size 2020 (Baseline): Women [Person]Estimate of population size 2040 (Baseline): Total [Person]Estimate of population size 2040 (Baseline): Men [Person]Estimate of population size 2040 (Baseline): Women [Person]Estimate of population size 2060 (Baseline): Total [Person]Estimate of population size 2060 (Baseline): Men [Person]Estimate of population size 2060 (Baseline): Women [Person]Estimate of population size 2080 (Baseline): Total [Person]Estimate of population size 2080 (Baseline): Men [Person]Estimate of population size 2080 (Baseline): Women [Person]
Austria900548744217034583784100876234977901510972210230993506204351689501007211250002275071885
Belgium1158026857040385876230128442596352987649127213580693673790868427851418945670675647121892
Bulgaria695425433758993578355593353528909563042579522582425698152656009459341522859312307484
Croatia409155919779522113607381986318596491960214353377117385131795258327648116247371651744
Cyprus86904142290144614095432046446348985710119474934735184741004870496620508250
Czech Republic106524075237018541538910552301520070153516001030764050955665212074977773448595344918200
Denmark588744929273072960142656433332635863300747675616633660663390100685825834266513431607
Estonia1317940619287698653128373261519066854212210125946216263911140304559646580658
Finland556179227412112820581572237828252482897130565461828109982843620557775727804552797302
France678189783292817234890806729155253559202437323501755252693725511638270153786887303928705539401675
Germany837516894119835342553336841336424152075142612891808317284001732740814401777937943868052139113273
Greece1056046751207785439689941997345612774858696829467740624874232190726468636438673620819
Hungary978963046752635114367947131345779574893356911969244650954654597869190643052494386657
Ireland485212324012032450920539638026691922727188589811129252062972905622090731185853102322
Italy607185722954290731175665599820022936229730619705569486932805446228894231537845782686302526921553
Latvia19116688786291033039159878674462985415714266156817927448231284285626099658186
Lithuania2749762126451114852512128883979453114943018378958709269669691658478803699854779
Luxembourg6289503148643140868608084288624319469929244907785021461066377525782540595
Malta452542226520226022505921253289252632519214260534258680517254258760258494
NETHERLANDS1741075686473038763453190356439466035956960819323324964235996809651972827598974809830795
Poland379308181835517319575645358400281732628718513741328482751601179816836477290447211427118214773539
Portugal1020962848440445365584955360845453565008252855235241077354444617757955737126863866871
Romania1925904993919959867054170697778326592874318515698753768762380111301453014271525747377568
Slovakia545871826608872797831537304326196202753423511457025045592610011471477023243272390443
Slovenia207577810310491044729206608610271631038923200045499500010054541938449964460973989
Spain465620442290002223662022482447922375208924492703495565502445337025103180509882062549635825491848
Sweden1029341251558165137596119943646012957598140713284780666840166163791438847872296527158826
United Kingdom672365073320063034035877750043523719914037805212793389943952449639814498824243954122327741201118
  • Estimate of population size 2020 in EU28: 515.591.288
  • Estimate of population size 2040 in EU28: 528.357.270
  • Estimate of population size 2060 in EU28: 524.635.534
  • Estimate of population size 2080 in EU28: 518.798.375

5. Population projections
 

Definition

Population projections are what-if scenarios that aim to provide information about the likely future size and structure of the population based on assumptions for fertility, mortality and migration. Population projections expressed in absolute numbers.

Relevant policy areas

  • Sustainable health care systems
  • Healthy ageing, ageing population
  • (Planning of) health care resources

Rationale

Basic demographic data by itself: population projections are predictive measures which implicate that if the hypothetical projection calculation premises are correct, what projected population size and age structure would result in any future year. The current scenario is primarily used in the context of the European Commission’s analysis of the impact of ageing populations on public spending.

More information

Population by sex and age

Population on 1 January 2019

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CountriesPopulation on 1 January: Total [Number]Population on 1 January: Men [Number]Population on 1 January: Women [Number]
Austria885877543570334501742
Belgium1145551956448265810693
Bulgaria700003933957013604338
Croatia407624619725722103674
Cyprus875899427831448068
Czechia1064980052441945405606
Denmark580608128890732917008
Estonia1324820625635699185
Finland551791927232902794629
France670128833238650734626376
Germany830192134096669142052522
Greece1072459952082935516306
Hungary977275646758215096935
Ireland490424024288812475359
Italy603595462938476630974780
Latvia19199688849091035059
Lithuania279418412955911498593
Luxembourg613894308720305174
Malta493559251836241723
NETHERLANDS1728216385810868701077
Poland379728121838037619592436
Portugal1027661748523665424251
Romania1941445895004509914008
Slovakia545042126610772789344
Slovenia208090810386561042252
Spain469370602300925923927801
Sweden1023018551424385087747
United Kingdom666471123290103633746076

1. Population by sex and age


Definition

a) Total population by country, broken down by sex and age
b) Old-age-dependency ratio

Rationale

Basic demographic data are important by themselves and are required for the calculation of many of the other indicators (denominator for rates and ratios). Age structure is also essential for public health planning and scenarios. 

Relevant policy areas

  • Sustainable health care systems
  • Healthy ageing, ageing population
  • (Planning of) health care resources 

More information